Lieutenant General Lieutenant general (Lt Gen, LTG and similar) is a three-star military rank (NATO code OF-8) used in many countries. The rank traces its origins to the Middle Ages, where the title of lieutenant general was held by the second-in-command on the ...

Peder Adolf Ludvig Regnell Hammarskiöld (26 June 1869 – 4 July 1958) was a

Swedish Army The Swedish Army ( sv, svenska armén) is the land force of the Swedish Armed Forces. History Svea Life Guards dates back to the year 1521, when the men of Dalarna chose 16 young able men as body guards for the insurgent nobleman Gustav Vas ...

officer. Hammarskiöld's senior commands include commanding officer of the 2nd Army Division and the Eastern Army Division, the position of Commandant General of Stockholm Garrison,

Master-General of the Ordnance The Master-General of the Ordnance (MGO) was a very senior British military position from 1415 to 2013 (except 1855–1895 and 1939–1958) with some changes to the name, usually held by a serving general. The Master-General of the Ordnance was ...

and Inspector of the Artillery. As a military historian, he researched the ancient history of the Swedish artillery.

Early life

Hammarskiöld was born on 26 June 1869 in Dingtuna Parish,

Västmanland County Västmanland County ( sv, Västmanlands län) is a county or '' län'' in central Sweden. It borders the counties of Södermanland, Örebro, Gävleborg, Dalarna and Uppsala. The county also has a stretch of shoreline towards Mälaren (Sweden's ...

, Sweden, the son of major Per Theodor Hammarskiöld and his wife Sofia Gustafva Regnell. He was grandnephew of

Lorenzo Hammarsköld Lorenzo Hammarsköld (b. ''Lars Hammarskjöld'', 7 April 1785 – 15 October 1827) was a Swedish critic and literary historian. He also published poetry. Biography He was born at Tuna, Vimmerby. He became a student at Uppsala in 1801, but ...

Career

Hammarskiöld was commissioned as an officer in First Svea Artillery Regiment in 1889 with the rank of ''

underlöjtnant ''Underlöjtnant'' (from the German word ''Unterleutnant'') was the lowest officer rank in the Swedish Army from 1835 to 1937 instead of the previous ranks of ''fänrik'' and cornet. was reintroduced in 1914 with the same position as , from 192 ...

''. Hammarskiöld attended the Artillery and Engineering College from 1893 to 1897 and served as a dispatch officer in staff of the IV Army Division in 1898. He became an artillery staff officer in 1899 and was secretary in artillery commissions from 1900 to 1902 and was promoted to captain in 1903. He participated in the work of the Boden Committee in 1905 and served in the

General Staff A military staff or general staff (also referred to as army staff, navy staff, or air staff within the individual services) is a group of officers, enlisted and civilian staff who serve the commander of a division or other large military un ...

from 1908 to 1909 and became major in the army and chief of the

Artillery Staff Artillery Staff ( sv, Artilleristaben) in the Swedish Army consisted of commanding officers from the artillery units and had the task of assisting the Master-General of the Ordnance (Sweden), Master-General of the Ordnance and the Inspector of Ar ...

in 1909. He then served as major in Svea Artillery Regiment in 1911 and as lieutenant colonel in

Boden-Karlsborg Artillery Regiment Boden-Karlsborg Artillery Regiment ( sv, Boden-Karlsborgs artilleriregemente), designation A 8, was a Swedish Army artillery unit which operated between 1893 and 1919. The unit was based in Boden Garrison in Boden, Sweden. History The corps ...

in 1913. Hammarskiöld served as chairman of the Artillery Committee from 1914 to 1915. Hammarskiöld was promoted to colonel in 1915 and was appointed regimental commander of

Småland Artillery Regiment The Småland Artillery Regiment ( sv, Smålands artilleriregemente), designation A 6, was a Swedish Army artillery regiment raised in 1895. It was disbanded in 1985. The regiment was based in Jönköping. Locations and training areas Barracks ...

Jönköping Jönköping (, ) is a city in southern Sweden with 112,766 inhabitants (2022). Jönköping is situated on the southern shore of Sweden's second largest lake, Vättern, in the province of Småland. The city is the seat of Jönköping Municipali ...

. He was a member of the committee for the preparation of a stalemate (trench) warfare instruction from 1916 to 1917 and a member of the study commission to the

German Army The German Army (, "army") is the land component of the armed forces of Germany. The present-day German Army was founded in 1955 as part of the newly formed West German ''Bundeswehr'' together with the ''Marine'' (German Navy) and the ''Luftwaf ...

and the Eastern Front from 1916 to 1917. Hammarskiöld was commanding officer of the Swedish Army Artillery School (''Artilleriskjutskolan'') from 1919 to 1920 and of Svea Artillery Regiment from 1922 to 1926. Hammarskiöld was chairman of the Artillery Committee from 1922 to 1923 and a member of the Army Council (''Arméfullmäktige'') in 1923 and in 1925. In 1926, Hammarskiöld was promoted to major general and appointed commanding officer of the 2nd Army Division (''II. arméfördelningen''). Hammarskiöld was commanding officer of the Eastern Army Division (''Östra arméfördelningen'') and Commandant General of Stockholm Garrison from 1928 to 1929 and was then appointed

and Inspector of the Artillery in 1929. He was promoted to lieutenant general in 1933 and retired and transferred to the reserve in 1934. Hammarskiöld had strong military history interests. After entering retirement he devoted himself to thorough research on the Swedish artillery in the past. He dealt with topics such as ''De äldre Vasakungarnas artilleri'' ("The Artillery of the Older Vasa Kings") (1942), ''Artilleriet under Gustaf II Adolfs krig'' ("The Artillery During Gustav II Adolf's War") (1943) and ''Artilleriet i slaget vid Jankow den 24 febr 1645'' ("Artillery at the Battle of Jankau, 24 Feb 1645") (1945), published in ''Artilleri-tidskrift''. In 1922 he published ''Studie över artilleriets samverkan med infanteriet'' ("Study of the Artillery's Cooperation with the Infantry").

Personal life

Hammarskiöld married on 22 July 1896 in

Hedvig Eleonora Parish Hedvig Eleonora Parish ( sv, Hedvig Eleonora församling) is a parish in Östermalm's church district (''kontrakt'') in the Diocese of Stockholm, Sweden. The parish is located in Stockholm Municipality in Stockholm County. The parish forms its own ...

Stockholm Stockholm () is the Capital city, capital and List of urban areas in Sweden by population, largest city of Sweden as well as the List of urban areas in the Nordic countries, largest urban area in Scandinavia. Approximately 980,000 people liv ...

to Gerda Cecilia Neijber (6 August 1874 – 22 Nov 1965), the daughter of Magnus Julius Neijber and Augusta Henriette Moll. He was the father five children: Karin Augusta Sofia Hammarskjöld (1897–1975), a businesswoman, Per Arvid Magnus Hammarskiöld (1899–1988), an engineer, Sven Ludvig Hammarskiöld (1901–1983), a judge and businessman, Göran Hammarskjöld (1906–1969), an officer, and Lennart Hammarskiöld (1912–1974), a banker.

Death

Hammarskiöld died on 4 July 1958 in

Engelbrekt Parish Engelbrekt Parish ( sv, Engelbrekts församling) is a parish in Östermalm's church district (''kontrakt'') in the Diocese of Stockholm, Sweden. The parish is located in Stockholm Municipality in Stockholm County. The parish forms its own pastor ...

, Stockholm. He was buried on 25 August 1958 in a family grave in

Norra begravningsplatsen Norra begravningsplatsen, literally "The Northern Cemetery" in Swedish, is a major cemetery of the Stockholm urban area, located in Solna Municipality. Inaugurated on 9 June 1827, it is the burial site for a number of Swedish notables. Nota ...

Solna Municipality Solna Municipality ( sv, Solna kommun or , ) is a municipality in Stockholm County in Sweden, located just north of Stockholm City Centre. Its seat is located in the town of Solna, which is a part of the Stockholm urban area. Solna is one of t ...

Dates of rank

*1889 – ''

Underlöjtnant ''Underlöjtnant'' (from the German word ''Unterleutnant'') was the lowest officer rank in the Swedish Army from 1835 to 1937 instead of the previous ranks of ''fänrik'' and cornet. was reintroduced in 1914 with the same position as , from 192 ...

'' *1895 –

Lieutenant A lieutenant ( , ; abbreviated Lt., Lt, LT, Lieut and similar) is a commissioned officer rank in the armed forces of many nations. The meaning of lieutenant differs in different militaries (see comparative military ranks), but it is often sub ...

*1903 –

Captain Captain is a title, an appellative for the commanding officer of a military unit; the supreme leader of a navy ship, merchant ship, aeroplane, spacecraft, or other vessel; or the commander of a port, fire or police department, election precinct, e ...

*1909 –

Major Major (commandant in certain jurisdictions) is a military rank of commissioned officer status, with corresponding ranks existing in many military forces throughout the world. When used unhyphenated and in conjunction with no other indicators ...

*1913 –

Lieutenant colonel Lieutenant colonel ( , ) is a rank of commissioned officers in the armies, most marine forces and some air forces of the world, above a major and below a colonel. Several police forces in the United States use the rank of lieutenant colone ...

*1915 –

Colonel Colonel (abbreviated as Col., Col or COL) is a senior military officer rank used in many countries. It is also used in some police forces and paramilitary organizations. In the 17th, 18th and 19th centuries, a colonel was typically in charge of ...

*1926 –

Major general Major general (abbreviated MG, maj. gen. and similar) is a military rank used in many countries. It is derived from the older rank of sergeant major general. The disappearance of the "sergeant" in the title explains the apparent confusion of a ...

*1933 –

Lieutenant general Lieutenant general (Lt Gen, LTG and similar) is a three-star military rank (NATO code OF-8) used in many countries. The rank traces its origins to the Middle Ages, where the title of lieutenant general was held by the second-in-command on the ...

Awards and decorations

Swedish

King Gustaf V's Jubilee Commemorative Medal (1928) * Royal_Order_of_the_Sword_-_Commander_Grand_Cross_BAR

Commander Grand Cross of the

Order of the Sword The Royal Order of the Sword (officially: ''Royal Order of the Sword''; Swedish: ''Kungliga Svärdsorden'') is a Swedish order of chivalry and military decoration created by King Frederick I of Sweden on February 23, 1748, together with the Or ...

* ''Landstormen''s Silver Medal (LandstSM)

Foreign

EST_Order_of_the_Cross_of_the_Eagle_1st_Class_BAR

1st Class of the

Order of the Cross of the Eagle The Order of the Cross of the Eagle ( et, Kotkaristi teenetemärk; french: Ordre de la Croix de l'Aigle) was instituted in 1928 by the Estonian Defence League to commemorate the tenth anniversary of Estonian independence. It was adopted as a st ...

FIN_Order_of_the_White_Rose_Grand_Cross_BAR

Grand Cross of the

Order of the White Rose of Finland The Order of the White Rose of Finland ( fi, Suomen Valkoisen Ruusun ritarikunta; sv, Finlands Vita Ros’ orden) is one of three official orders in Finland, along with the Order of the Cross of Liberty, and the Order of the Lion of Finland. ...

LVA_Order_of_the_Three_Stars_-_Commander_BAR

Grand Cross of the

Order of the Three Stars Order of the Three Stars ( lv, Triju Zvaigžņu ordenis) is the highest civilian order awarded for meritorious service to Latvia. It was established in 1924 in remembrance of the founding of Latvia. Its motto is "Per aspera ad astra", meaning "Thr ...

* Grand Cross of the

Cross of Military Merit The Cross of Military Merit ( es, Cruces del Mérito Militar) is Spain's military awards for gallantry or merit in war or peace. Awarded to members of the Spanish Armed Forces, Guardia Civil or civilians. History and attribution Established o ...

Grand Officer of the

Legion of Honour The National Order of the Legion of Honour (french: Ordre national de la Légion d'honneur), formerly the Royal Order of the Legion of Honour ('), is the highest French order of merit, both military and civil. Established in 1802 by Napoleon, ...

Knight 2nd Class of the

Order of Saint Anna The Imperial Order of Saint Anna (russian: Орден Святой Анны; also "Order of Saint Anne" or "Order of Saint Ann") was a Holstein ducal and then Russian imperial order of chivalry. It was established by Karl Friedrich, Duke of Hol ...

Honours

*Member of the board of '' Sällskapet Idun'' ("Idun Society") *Member of the Royal Society for Publication of Manuscripts on Scandinavian History (''Kungliga Samfundet för utgivande av handskrifter rörande Skandinaviens historia'') (1903) *Member of the

Royal Swedish Academy of War Sciences The Royal Swedish Academy of War Sciences ( sv, Kungliga Krigsvetenskapsakademien) is one of the Royal Academies in Sweden and was founded on 12 November 1796 by Gustaf Wilhelm af Tibell. The academy is an independent organization and a forum for m ...

(1907) *President of the

(1935–1937)

Bibliography

* *

Footnotes

References

External links

Article
at ''

Svenskt biografiskt lexikon ''Svenskt biografiskt lexikon'' () is a Swedish biographical dictionary, started in 1917. The first volume, covering names ''Abelin'' to ''Anjou'', was published in 1918. As of 2017, names from A to S are covered. Volumes # ABELIN – ANJOU (1 ...

'' {{DEFAULTSORT:Hammarskiold, Ludvig 1869 births 1958 deaths Swedish Army lieutenant generals Swedish military historians People from Västerås Municipality Members of the Royal Swedish Academy of War Sciences Commanders Grand Cross of the Order of the Sword Burials at Norra begravningsplatsen